Bihar is one of the oldest and most culturally rich states in India. While many people know about its famous history and festivals, there are many surprising facts about Bihar that are less talked about. From ancient universities to unique festivals, from delicious food to important political contributions.
Bihar has many stories waiting to be discovered. In this article, we share 20 unknown and interesting facts about Bihar that will surprise you and give you a fresh perspective on this incredible state.
1. Delicious Traditional Food of Bihar
Bihar’s traditional food is famous for being simple yet very tasty and nutritious. Dishes like Litti-Chokha are loved not just in Bihar but across India. Litti is a round wheat ball filled with spiced gram flour, served with chokha made of mashed vegetables like eggplant or tomato. Along with Thekua, a sweet snack made from wheat and jaggery, these dishes reflect Bihar’s rich food culture.
These foods are often made from locally available ingredients, making them affordable and healthy. They have been passed down through generations and continue to be an important part of festivals, daily meals, and celebrations in Bihar.
2. One of the Longest Free WiFi Networks in India
Bihar has taken a big step to improve internet access by creating some of the longest free WiFi zones in India. Many colleges, public parks, and government offices now provide free internet to people. This helps students, farmers, and small business owners get online and learn new skills or connect with customers.
This initiative is especially important in rural areas, where internet access used to be very limited. By increasing connectivity, Bihar is working to reduce the digital gap and give more people access to education and information.
3. Home to the Ancient Nalanda University
Nalanda University in Bihar was one of the world’s first major universities, dating back to the 5th century. It attracted scholars from China, Korea, Tibet, and many other countries to study subjects like philosophy, mathematics, medicine, and astronomy. It was a center for knowledge long before many modern universities were founded.
The university was famous for its large library and peaceful campus. Although it was destroyed centuries ago, it remains a symbol of Bihar’s ancient contribution to education and culture. Today, efforts are underway to revive Nalanda as a modern international university.
4. Famous Thinkers and Leaders Come From Bihar
Bihar has produced many great thinkers, scholars, and leaders who have made an impact not only in India but globally. For example, Amartya Sen, a Nobel Prize-winning economist, was born in Bihar. He is known worldwide for his work on welfare economics and social justice.
Similarly, Prashant Kishor, a political strategist from Bihar, has helped shape many election campaigns across India. These personalities show the intellectual strength and leadership Bihar offers to the country.
5. Chhath Puja, a Festival Like No Other
Chhath Puja is one of the oldest and most important festivals in Bihar. It is dedicated to the Sun God and his wife, Usha, and involves special rituals performed near rivers or water bodies. People fast and offer prayers to thank the Sun for sustaining life on Earth.
What makes Chhath Puja unique is its deep connection with nature and community. Both men and women take part equally in the rituals, showing unity and devotion. The festival is celebrated with great enthusiasm and draws large gatherings every year.
6. Birthplace of the Tenth Sikh Guru
The tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, was born in Patna, Bihar. This makes Patna an important place for Sikhs worldwide. The city houses the Takht Sri Patna Sahib, one of the five highest religious seats (Takhts) in Sikhism.
This historical connection brings pilgrims from all over India and abroad, especially during festivals related to the Guru. It adds to Bihar’s rich spiritual diversity and importance.
7. Bihar Has a Rich Political History
Bihar has played a vital role in shaping India’s political landscape. Leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan led the “Total Revolution” movement during the 1970s to fight corruption and promote democracy. His efforts inspired millions across the country.
In recent years, political leaders like Nitish Kumar have focused on development and governance reforms in Bihar. The state continues to be a key player in national politics with many influential leaders emerging from here.
8. The World’s First Democratic Republic Was Here
The ancient kingdom of Vaishali in Bihar is known as the world’s first republic, existing over 2,500 years ago. Unlike kingdoms ruled by kings, Vaishali had a system where elected representatives made decisions for the people.
This early example of democracy shows how Bihar was ahead of its time in political ideas. It inspired many later governments and remains a proud part of Bihar’s heritage.
9. The Biggest Cattle Fair in Asia Happens Here
The Sonepur Mela in Bihar is Asia’s largest cattle fair. Every year, thousands of farmers, traders, and tourists come to buy and sell cattle, horses, and other animals. The fair also features cultural programs, food stalls, and rides.
The event lasts for weeks and is a major economic and social gathering. It reflects the deep agricultural roots of Bihar and its lively traditions.
10. A Land Known for Peace and Nonviolence
Bihar has a long history of promoting peace and nonviolence. The teachings of Lord Buddha, who lived and taught here, encouraged compassion and kindness. Later, leaders like Mahatma Gandhi used Bihar as a base for peaceful protests during India’s freedom struggle.
Many parts of Bihar continue to focus on harmony and spiritual calmness. This peaceful spirit is an important part of the state’s identity.
11. India’s Oldest Library is in Bihar
The Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library in Patna is one of India’s oldest and largest libraries. It has thousands of rare manuscripts, documents, and books in many languages, including Persian, Arabic, and Sanskrit.
The library is a treasure for historians and researchers. It preserves important works that help us understand India’s past.
12. Unique and Colorful Folk Music and Dance
Bihar’s folk culture is rich and diverse. Music styles like Bhojpuri folk songs and dance forms like Jhijhiya and Bidesia are performed during festivals and celebrations.
These art forms express everyday life, emotions, and stories of the people. They bring communities together and keep traditions alive.
13. Bihar Leads in Makhana Production
Bihar is India’s largest producer of Makhana, also known as fox nuts. This crunchy, healthy snack is rich in nutrients and gaining popularity across India and abroad.
Makhana farming supports many farmers in Bihar, especially women, providing them a good source of income and helping rural economies.
14. Ancient Rock Paintings Discovered Here
Some of India’s oldest rock paintings have been found in Bihar’s Kaimur hills. These paintings are thousands of years old and show early human life and culture.
Such discoveries give important clues about Bihar’s ancient history and the lives of its early inhabitants.
15. Famous for Madhubani Art and Silk Weaving
Bihar is famous for Madhubani paintings, a colorful folk art created mostly by women. These paintings show nature, mythology, and daily life using bright colors and intricate designs.
The state is also known for Bhagalpuri silk, a luxurious handwoven fabric loved by people across India and the world. Both art forms support many local artisans.
16. Bihar’s Rivers Are Life to the State
Rivers like the Ganga, Kosi, Gandak, and Sone flow through Bihar, providing water for farming and daily needs. These rivers also hold cultural and religious importance for the people.
Despite flooding challenges, these rivers have helped Bihar grow as a rich agricultural state.
17. Bihar’s Language and Literature Are Rich
Bihar is home to many languages such as Maithili, Bhojpuri, and Magahi. Each language has a strong literary tradition with poems, songs, and stories passed down through generations.
These languages keep Bihar’s culture alive and vibrant, connecting people to their roots.
18. The Oldest Zoo in India is in Bihar
The Sanjay Gandhi Biological Park in Patna, also known as Patna Zoo, is one of India’s oldest zoos. It houses many animals, birds, and reptiles and is a popular place for families and children.
The zoo also plays a role in wildlife conservation and education.
19. Bihar Has Many Important Pilgrimage Sites
Bihar is home to famous religious sites like Bodh Gaya, where Buddha attained enlightenment, and Rajgir, an ancient spiritual city. These places attract millions of pilgrims and tourists each year.
The state’s rich spiritual history makes it a center for people seeking peace and knowledge.
20. Bihar’s Handloom Industry Supports Many Families
Traditional weaving and textile work in Bihar provide income to many families, especially women. The beautiful handloom products, including silk sarees and embroidered fabrics, are popular across India. By supporting these crafts, Bihar preserves its heritage and helps rural communities thrive.
Final Thoughts
Bihar is much more than what most people think. It is a land of deep history, vibrant culture, and strong traditions. From ancient universities to delicious food, peaceful teachings to lively festivals, Bihar has a lot to offer and many stories to tell.
These unknown facts show the true spirit of Bihar and its people. Whether you live in Bihar or want to learn about it, understanding these facts can help you appreciate this incredible state even more.
